Sunday, December 28, 2014

Cracking The Sitcom Code - Yahoo News

Want to go on a craft beer adventure? | Fox17

My giddy-panicked Googling actually produced fruitful results. With little idea as to where I should begin, I turned to the confidence-inspiring blog, Wise Sloth (whose author, like me, has no TV writing experience), which provided a 15-page breakdown of sitcom formats that I used as a point of departure for my own study. And by study, I mean hopping into my pajamas, cuddling up to my Peruvian Hairless, and watching TV with a notebook in hand. Talib Visram recently wrote in The Atlantic about his experience counting jokes per minute in popular TV shows . My approach was more deconstructionist, and directly applicable to my new gig. I had to figure out how such shows were built, and fast. Fortunately, the answer presented itself very quickly. First of all, word-processing programs often come with screenwriting templates. FinalDraft, the most popular software for those penning scripts, even has a Sitcom Template, which of course makes life much easier. But as for how to construct an episode, various bloggers, from the Wise Sloth to helpful folks at the BBC, noted a basic structure that I immediately recognized in every sitcom episode I tested. This structure is so formulaic that youd think it would suck the fun out of writing and watching such shows, but it does nothing of the sort. While knowing the code it changes the way I watch TV, it only increases my admiration for the good writers who do so much within relatively strict confines. To demonstrate how this formula works, Ive chosen an episode of a favorite show, somewhat at random, because it ideally exemplifies the template: episode 4 of season 1 of Parks & Recreation. The Sitcom Code breaks down what needs to happen in each episode, by the minute. As Dan Richter of Demand Media notes, Sitcoms, minus commercials, are typically 22 minutes long [with] a script of 25-40 pages. Every sitcom episode has a main plot (story A), as well as one or two subplots (stories B and C). There are three main acts, divided by two commercial breaks (in most American TV), with 3-5 scenes per act. One of the distinguishing characteristics of sitcoms, as opposed to other forms of television, is that the main protagonist(s) barely change from one episode to the next, let alone from season to season (Maggie Simpson has been sucking on a pacifier for nearly thirty years). Therefore whatever happens in the episode, the situation must end largely where it began. The Wise Sloth points out that 22 minutes is not even really time enough to tell a full story. The whole story has to be on fast-forward, so simplification is key. Poet Philip Larkin described all plots as a beginning, a muddle, and an end, which is as good a description as any. Each episode begins with the protagonist stating a goal or problem that must be solved, and which we understand will be solved by the end of the episode. If the problem is solved too quickly, then the episode wont stretch out to 22 minutes, so the first attempt at reaching the goal or solving the problem must fail (the muddle), requiring a new approach, before the episode ends and the protagonist either does, or does not, achieve what they set out to do. The goal might be Homer trying to make a fortune by selling recycled grease in The Simpsons, or Job Bluth setting out to sabotage the familys banana stand in Arrested Development, or the Seinfeld crew looking for where they parked in a vast lot. Another hallmark of sitcoms is that the protagonists frequently fail, and we often want them to, because we do not want our favorite characters to change too much. If Leslie Knope ever left Pawnee for a career as a DC politician, we would be distraught. If Kramer got married and moved to the suburbswhoa, now! When writers sit around and prepare a new episode, many literally map out what will happen, minute-by-minute, in the main storyline and sub-storylines, filling in jokes later. Lets see how this played out in the Parks & Recreation episode, Boys' Club . The Teaser (Minutes 1-3) A short, introductory sketch that often runs before the credits. Its little more than a set-up, delivery and reaction: a single joke. It introduces the protagonist and shows some aspect of their personality (for viewers new to the show), and ideally it introduces viewers to the main obstacle to be overcome in the episode. But as often as not, it is simply a quick joke to get the ball rolling. Leslie Knope and her assistant, Tom Haverford, arrive at a park where theyre checking on reports that kids are having fights with dog poo. The rumors are confirmed. Noble Tom hides in the car, while principled Leslie first tries to confront the kids, is fired upon with a barrage of dog poo, and then fires back, admitting that this actually is a lot of fun. We see Leslies role as a local government authority, and her strong (but porous) moral stance. The Trouble (Minutes 3-8) We meet the protagonist(s) and see that theyre just where we left them last episode, but a new problem or goal has come to their attention, which forms the main plot (Story A) of the episode. A plan must be made as to how the goal is to be achieved, or the problem overcome. Around the 6th minute we might be introduced to a subplot (Story B). Subplots must be even briefer than the main plots, and feature one of the minor or secondary characters. Its great if the subplot can somehow link to the ultimate conclusion of the main plot, but this is not necessary. Think of each subplot as a main plot in miniature, likewise with a beginning, a muddle, and the end. Trouble arrives in the form of a gift basket of wine and cheese that Leslie thinks is a bribery attempt from a local firm. She reprimands her colleagues for wanting to dive into the baskets goodies. They complain that shes a goody-two-shoes, and we see her as self-righteousa beautiful setup for a fall. We also see the Old Boys Club: every Tuesday some guys in another government department drink beers in the courtyard, including Mark, whom Leslie has a crush on. She grabs her friend Ann and plans to shatter the glass ceiling by infiltrating this mens club. Theyre welcomed immediately and join the fun, but quickly run out of beer. Trying to keep the party rolling and impress Mark, Leslie breaks open the gift basket that she had previously sequestered and opens the bottles of wine. The Muddle (Minutes 8-13) The plan drawn up a few minutes ago to tackle the main plot is put into action, but it cant work or the episode would be over already. There must be another obstacle, a spanner in the works that requires an alternative plan or some amusing delay to the success of the initial strategy. As the Wise Sloth writes, the characters must confront these obstacles according to their own personal style, meaning that Leslie will approach the problem with her boundless enthusiasm for government and abiding by rules that the little girl inside her sometimes wants to break. With subplots in play, minutes 8-9 establish where we left off with Story A. Minutes 9-12 provide the middle muddle of Story B (the secondary character overcomes a minor obstacle toward their goal), and then minutes 12-13 return to Story A, and see the main plan diverted. Distraught at having broken the code of ethics that she so firmly sought to uphold, Leslie confesses to her colleagues. We are then introduced to Story B, in which a secondary character, Andy, despite his leg being in a cast and his slovenly personality, plots to secretly surprise girlfriend Ann by cleaning the house, and himself, while shes at work. Back at the Parks & Rec office, Leslie whistle blows herself and confesses to her boss, Ron, who merely tells her not to make a big deal of the situation. This could be the end of the show, but it is coming too soon. Wheres that spanner? Back at Story B, we see Andy hobbling along and cleaning the house, then throwing the garbage in the neighboring pit that has been a recurrent theme of past episodes. And then theres the spanner: underage intern April is bored at work and films herself drinking leftover gift basket wine, then puts the video on the official, Leslie-sanctioned website of the aforementioned pit. Ron confronts Leslie, who is now called before the disciplinary committee. The Triumph/Failure (Minutes 13-18) By this time, the protagonist is getting desperate and the stakes are hightheyve already tried once and failed. They turn to a last resort, put it into play, and it worksor it doesnt. Remember that failure is frequent and fine in the world of sitcoms, unlike feature films and dramas. Failure is humorous rather than frustrating, because again we dont want our characters to change. Minutes 13-15 re-establish the action of Story A, but pause before the payoff of whether or not the backup plan will work. Minutes 15-17 conclude Story B: the secondary character either does, or does not, accomplish what they set out to do, and this may, or may not affect the outcome of Story A. Minutes 17-18 show whether the protagonists succeeds or fails in Story A. Ron sits beside Leslie at the disciplinary committee hearing. Leslie reads out a passionate confession. Meanwhile, back at Story B, Andy cleans himself in a kiddie pool, but a neighbor steals his boom box.



Souce http://news.yahoo.com/cracking-sitcom-code-130100896.html

Holidays Could Juice Already Stronger Sales Among Alcohol Wholesalers - Forbes

ALTOONA, BLAIR COUNTY -- Mama Randazzo's in Altoona says they could soon deliver beer to customers -- and while there are still a lot of questions, they're looking forward to the change. Delivery drivers could soon be taking out more than just food at Mama Randazzo's. Paul Randazzo, Co-Owner, Mama Randazzo's, said, "We are one of the first if not the first in Blair County to apply for it." He's talking about a license that would allow his restaurant and six pack shop to deliver about two six packs of beer to your door. Randazzo said, "If you order food you get it delivered. You can pay for it with cash. We do a mobile credit card transaction. Now, that's not going to be the case." People will have to pay for beer over the phone with credit or debit cards. He thinks this small change could open up big business. Randazzo said, "Sometimes some of these six packs could go for as much or 16 or 18 dollars depending on the alcoholic content, that can add a lot to your bottom line over the course of the year." The lunch crowd here has some mixed feelings about the idea -- but generally seems open to it. Monique Purcell of New Jersey, said, "I think it's a great idea." Beth Becher of Altoona said, " If you really want to get your beer or liquor I think you can just go and get it anywhere. You don't need it delivered to your home." Brennan Long of Altoona said, "If anything it keeps people from driving while they're drinking. It gets the alcohol to them without them having to get it." Randazzo will have to figure out logistics. For example, cars that deliver beer would have to be owned by the establishment. They also would have to train delivery drivers to check IDs. They are all things he's ready to do to stay competitive. Randazzo said, "The PLCB laws and the laws in the state of Pennsylvania have been changing so much so quickly it's just a new ballgame. We hopefully can play a little bit." They say if all goes as planned they could begin delivering beer as early as July 2015. Copyright 2014 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.



Souce http://www.wearecentralpa.com/story/d/story/restauraunts-stores-could-begin-delivering-beer/27018/yffjoun0TkyWMvcSFQYmYA

What Your Company Can Learn From the Rise of Craft Beer | Valley News

17. The beer-tasting run will leave the Akron Northside Station at 7 p.m. The cost is $49 to $82; reservations are required. Riders will sample five beers and can enjoy appetizers chosen to complement each brew. Riders will also receive a commemorative glass. To register, call 1-800-468-4070 or visit www.cvsr.com . From staff and wire reports



Souce http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/travel/2014/12/28/1-rail-beer.html

- Calaveras Enterprise: Health Someday, Christian Leon hopes to become a computer programmer, and the Calaveras High School freshman is already well on his way. posted: December 26 Calaveras High grad goes backpacking across state posted: December 26 It was a major blow to Calaveras Countys economy when Calaveras Cements San Andreas plant shipped its last cement in 1984. The company had b posted: December 26 Courtesy photo Can beer boost brain power? A chemical component in the hops in beer has been shown to improve brain function in lab mice. It may one day help with age-related cognitive decline. Posted: Friday, December 26, 2014 6:00 am Can beer boost brain power? Enterprise services Calaveras Enterprise There is newfound reason to indulge in a pint or two of your favorite beer, and its not just to catch up and share a few laughs with friends. New research has shown that a chemical compound in beer may be able to improve cognitive function. The beverage once thought to obliterate brain cells when consumed in abundance may actually have the opposite effect and boost brain power. No one should run out and start imbibing just yet, however. The study that ran in Behavioral Brain Research in October 2014 was preliminary and only conducted on lab mice. During the study, scientists discovered that xanthohumol, a type of flavonoid found in beer, seemed to improve brain function in the young mice given xanthohumol doses. The cognitive flexibility of the mice was tested with a specially designed maze, and younger mice showed signs of intellectual improvement. Older mice showed no improvements. Researchers believe xanthohumol and other flavonoids, such as those found in red wine, blueberries and dark chocolate, may play a role in helping a person form memories. The mice were given very high doses of the flavonoid. A person would have to drink roughly 2,000 liters of beer a day to equal what the mice consumed to show improvement. However, should a supplement hit the market down the road, it may just be possible for men and women to consume a potentially beneficial amount of xanthohumol without bellying up at the bar. One of the goals of the xanthohumol study was to examine its potential efficacy at treating age-related deficits in memory. Xanthohumol also may benefit those with metabolic syndrome, a condition associated with obesity and high blood pressure, as it can speed metabolism and reduce fatty acids in the liver. Flavonoids are plant compounds that often provide plants with their color. Scientists have attributed many health benefits to flavonoids in foods and plants and have even suggested flavonoids can help in the fight against cancer and heart disease. Xanthohumol is rare and is most often found in the hops commonly used to make beer. While doctors and researchers do not suggest running out and consuming a few six packs right now in the goal of improving brain function and cramming for that next test, xanthohumol may one day be harvested from hops to slow down age-related memory deficits.



Souce http://www.calaverasenterprise.com/health/article_f79ba902-8ba9-11e4-84df-a390de9458c8.html

Restaurants, Stores Could Begin Delivering Beer - WeAreCentralPA.com - your one stop community web portal for all your Central Pennsylvania News, Sports and Weather, powered by WTAJ Your News Leader

Wholesalers profitability, too, is something worth celebrating, according to Sageworks analyst Jenna Weaver. The outlook for this industry is quite positive right now, as Sageworks data show significant sales growth accompanied by the highest profit margins the industry has seen during the last 6 years, she said. Vodka sales growth may be slowing in the U.S., based on Diageo PLC s latest comments, but in general, privately held wholesalers of liquor, beer and wine have been increasing sales more rapidly in the last 12 months than in the comparable period a year earlier, Sageworks data show. Sales among the wholesalers have increased nearly 8 percent in the 12 months ended Sept. 23, compared with less than 2 percent growth a year earlier, according to Sageworks financial statement analysis of the wholesalers. Net profit margin, on average, has been almost 4 percent in the last 12 months. Profitability for recent 12-month periods had ranged from 2.4 percent in 2012 to 3.5 percent in 2010. The success of these types of wholesalers generally comes down to two main drivers: either selling more product, or demanding a higher price on products sold, said Sageworks analyst Kevin Abbas. Its unclear based on our data whether volume or pricing had the biggest impact on sales growth, but certainly, outside data indicate favorable trends on both fronts for these wholesalers. The wine market in the U.S., which became the top wine-consuming nation in the world in 2010, continued to grow in 2013 as shipments increased 3.2 percent, according to industry market researcher Gomberg, Frederickson & Associates . An increase in the number of breweries nationwide also reflects growing end-markets. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the number of breweries more than doubled to 869 in 2012 from 2007. As a result, shipments grew 33.6 percent to $28.3 billion, based on the most recent Census data available. Page 1 / 2



Souce http://www.forbes.com/sites/sageworks/2014/12/28/wholes/

Restaurants, Stores Could Begin Delivering Beer - WeAreCentralPA.com - your one stop community web portal for all your Central Pennsylvania News, Sports and Weather, powered by WTAJ Your News Leader

Felicia Zitani, 27, of Hamilton, was charged with shoplifting three rings, valued at $114, from J.C. Penney at 4:55 p.m. Dec.



Souce http://m.centraljersey.com/articles/2014/12/28/the_lawrence_ledger/news/doc5491f48e3ebdd468850834.txt

Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad to offer beer trip | The Columbus Dispatch

Explore the edge of what is known about your existing product. Seek out opportunities to explore unique applications and different approaches to your business. Keep asking, Whats next? Those who are hungry for what comes next tend to develop a contagious momentum. Advocate for your industry Craft beer expansion is driven by brewers advocacy for their products and the market overall. Theyre excited about their creations, and they let it show. This leads to higher visibility, which creates even more room to experiment. Speak out for your industry and for your place in the market. Do what you love When Chip and Jacqui lost their jobs, they felt free to pursue their passion. But you can create your own opportunity. If you love your business, the highs are higher and the lows are more manageable. Of course, you will make mistakes, but be kind to yourself. Malcolm Gladwell famously said it takes 10,000 hours to become an expert. You have to invest that level of time to learn what works, but small-scale experiments are great opportunities to learn.



Souce http://www.vnews.com/news/business/14900256-95/what-your-company-can-learn-from-the-rise-of-craft-beer

Can beer boost brain power? - Calaveras Enterprise: Health

Posted 9:29 AM, December 28, 2014, by Angela Brown , Updated at 11:03am, December 28, 2014 Email (GRAND RAPIDS, Mich), Grand Rapids Beer Tours stopped by Fox17s studio this morning. The company offers tours of breweries with include a crash course of the history of beers, beer styles and the surrounding community. Watch the interview to learn more.



Souce http://fox17online.com/2014/12/28/want-to-go-on-craft-beer-adventure/

LAWRENCE: Police blotter | CentralJersey.com

ALTOONA, BLAIR COUNTY -- Mama Randazzo's in Altoona says they could soon deliver beer to customers -- and while there are still a lot of questions, they're looking forward to the change. Delivery drivers could soon be taking out more than just food at Mama Randazzo's. Paul Randazzo, Co-Owner, Mama Randazzo's, said, "We are one of the first if not the first in Blair County to apply for it." He's talking about a license that would allow his restaurant and six pack shop to deliver about two six packs of beer to your door. Randazzo said, "If you order food you get it delivered. You can pay for it with cash. We do a mobile credit card transaction. Now, that's not going to be the case." People will have to pay for beer over the phone with credit or debit cards. He thinks this small change could open up big business. Randazzo said, "Sometimes some of these six packs could go for as much or 16 or 18 dollars depending on the alcoholic content, that can add a lot to your bottom line over the course of the year." The lunch crowd here has some mixed feelings about the idea -- but generally seems open to it. Monique Purcell of New Jersey, said, "I think it's a great idea." Beth Becher of Altoona said, " If you really want to get your beer or liquor I think you can just go and get it anywhere. You don't need it delivered to your home." Brennan Long of Altoona said, "If anything it keeps people from driving while they're drinking. It gets the alcohol to them without them having to get it." Randazzo will have to figure out logistics. For example, cars that deliver beer would have to be owned by the establishment. They also would have to train delivery drivers to check IDs. They are all things he's ready to do to stay competitive. Randazzo said, "The PLCB laws and the laws in the state of Pennsylvania have been changing so much so quickly it's just a new ballgame. We hopefully can play a little bit." They say if all goes as planned they could begin delivering beer as early as July 2015. Copyright 2014 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.



Souce http://www.wearecentralpa.com/story/d/story/restaurants-stores-could-begin-delivering-beer/27018/yffjoun0TkyWMvcSFQYmYA

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